crosswind-slice
At its defaults it draws the solution along a line across a flow at 30°. Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 1.96·10⁻²³ — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 8.9·10¹² times that value and changes direction 9 times; upwinding turns 1 time and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 50 nodes.
crosswind-slice is one function in lib/figures/supg2d.js —
the tuned diffusion in two dimensions — exact along one axis, and the direction it does not go. Everything below came out of it during this build, at
arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the
figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.
At its defaults
Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.
Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 1.96·10⁻²³ — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 8.9·10¹² times that value and changes direction 9 times; upwinding turns 1 time and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 50 nodes.
deg: 45
The arguments are the ones A direction the smoother cannot see passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.
Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 1.95·10⁻³¹ and is that same double at all fifteen nodes — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 3.4·10²¹ times that value and changes direction 11 times; upwinding turns 1 time and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 48 nodes.
deg: 15
The arguments are the ones Aggregating what the matrix calls strong passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.
Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 6.92·10⁻¹⁴ — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 257 times that value and changes direction 7 times; upwinding turns 1 time and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 18 nodes.
deg: 30
The arguments are the ones Exact along one axis passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.
Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 1.96·10⁻²³ — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 8.9·10¹² times that value and changes direction 9 times; upwinding turns 1 time and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 50 nodes.
deg: 5
The arguments are the ones The diffusion that makes the answer exact passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.
Four curves along the anti-diagonal of the grid, which at 45° is exactly a line across the flow. The exact solution depends on the flow coordinate alone, so on this line it never rises above 5.59·10⁻⁷ — the region the layer has decayed to nothing by. The streamline scheme's answer there swings over a range 8.7 times that value and changes direction 0 times; upwinding turns 0 times and stays inside [0, 1] everywhere on the grid, where the streamline scheme leaves it at 13 nodes.
What it checked while drawing
Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed
would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave
no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had
checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected
by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of
what it is believed to check.
14 distinct claims across 5 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.
a diffusion small enough for a layer
a grid the dense solve is affordable at
an angle off the grid, where there is a crosswind at all
and near a grid direction neither does the streamline scheme
and the streamline scheme's swing across it is astronomically larger
and the streamline scheme's variation across it exceeds the answer
and upwinding barely turns on this line at any angle
and upwinding does not
LU is for square matrices
the exact solution decays along this line without turning
the exact solution is the same number at every node of this line
the tuned scheme leaves the interval somewhere on this grid
which the crosswind term reduces
while the streamline scheme does, once the flow is properly off it
Against the rule
The rule does not apply to it. It factorises nothing, so there is no residual it could be withholding. That is worth stating rather than leaving blank: a site that reported the rule as satisfied by every generator would be counting mostly generators the rule never reached.
Across the library: the rule bites on 70
of 151 generators —
55 print a residual and
15 are exempt with a published reason;
81 factorise nothing.
Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from,
and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.
Where it is called
Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.
A direction the smoother cannot see
Give the Laplacian a strong direction and multigrid stops working — from 0.2016 a cycle to 0.9565 — with every component unchanged and the condition number identical to twelve digits. The problem did not get harder. The link between the method's two halves broke.
Iterating, instead of factorisingAggregating what the matrix calls strong
The depth phase measured every method it had on the 45°-rotated anisotropic operator — 0.784, 0.883, 0.844 — and diagnosed the failure as being in the discretisation rather than in the hierarchy. Smoothed aggregation is the standard answer to anisotropy. It returns 0.789.
Iterating, instead of factorisingExact along one axis
The tuned diffusion makes the answer exact at every node, and in two dimensions it holds at exactly one flow angle. Five degrees off the grid the relative error goes from 1.2·10⁻¹⁴ to 6.9, and by twenty degrees the scheme is worse than the upwinding it was built to improve on.
Iterating, instead of factorisingThe diffusion that makes the answer exact
Upwinding adds h/2 of artificial diffusion. Central differencing adds none. Add ε·ξ·Pe with ξ = coth(Pe) − 1/Pe and the computed solution is the exact one at every grid point, to 2.4·10⁻¹⁷ — at every Péclet number, on the problem it was derived from and on no other.
Iterating, instead of factorisingThe direction the diffusion does not go
Streamline diffusion adds τbbᵀ, a rank-one tensor that annihilates every direction across the flow. That is the design. The price is 18, 50 and 48 nodes where the computed solution leaves the interval the equation guarantees — and half a coefficient of crosswind diffusion halves the error at every angle while costing exactly nothing where the scheme was exact.
Iterating, instead of factorisingThe stencil that is not symmetric
Past a cell Péclet number of exactly one — measured by bisection at 1.0000000000000002 — the central-difference solution of a convection–diffusion problem oscillates from point to point and leaves the interval the equation guarantees, at 16 of 31 grid points. It is the exact solution of its own linear system, to 4.6·10⁻¹⁸. No solver was involved.