Generator

fill-growth

One function in the sparse library, called 6 times across 6 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 3 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws fill growth under natural: the factor rises as n^1.49. A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.

fill-growth is one function in lib/figures/sparse.js — sparsity — fill counted two ways, and the ordering that decides the memory. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Fill growth under natural: the factor rises as n^1.49A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.10²10².³10²10³10⁴n (dimension)nonzerosdense factorfactor, n^1.49matrix, n^1.05grid Laplacians from 5×5 to 12×12fitted, not quoted

A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.

ordering: 3

The arguments are the ones A block size is a property of the machine passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Fill growth under nested dissection: the factor rises as n^1.31A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.10²10².³10²10³10⁴n (dimension)nonzerosdense factorfactor, n^1.31matrix, n^1.05grid Laplacians from 5×5 to 12×12fitted, not quoted

A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.

ordering: 0

The arguments are the ones Changing the condition number on purpose passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Fill growth under natural: the factor rises as n^1.49A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.10²10².³10²10³10⁴n (dimension)nonzerosdense factorfactor, n^1.49matrix, n^1.05grid Laplacians from 5×5 to 12×12fitted, not quoted

A log-log plot of nonzero count against matrix dimension. The matrix's own count is a straight line of slope one; the factor's is steeper; a dense factor is steeper still.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

3 distinct claims across 3 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

and its factor grows faster than linearly

but below the dense exponent

the matrix grows linearly in its dimension

Against the rule

The rule does not apply to it. It factorises nothing, so there is no residual it could be withholding. That is worth stating rather than leaving blank: a site that reported the rule as satisfied by every generator would be counting mostly generators the rule never reached.

Across the library: the rule bites on 52 of 99 generators — 37 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 47 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

Where the flop count stopped predicting the time

A block size is a property of the machine

Three lines of counting say the best block size is √(M/3). Scanned over every integer at five fast memories, the measured optimum is √M − 2 — exactly, at all five. The count has the right scaling and the wrong constant, low by a factor of 1.56, and the wrong form: the answer is affine in √M rather than proportional to it.

Iterating, instead of factorising

Changing the condition number on purpose

Preconditioning is usually introduced as a trick that makes an iteration converge faster. It is not a trick. It is solving a different system with the same solution and a condition number chosen rather than inherited, and the new condition number is computable.

Sparsity, and what elimination costs

The factor is not sparse

A sparse matrix has a factor that is not sparse, and the gap between them is the entire reason iterative methods exist. The entries elimination creates can be counted before any arithmetic runs, from the graph alone.

Sparsity, and what elimination costs

The order decides the memory

Four elimination orderings on one matrix give factors of 1,739, 1,354, 1,413 and 1,026 entries. All four factorisations are exact, all four return the same answer, and the one with the better asymptotics is not the one that wins.

Sparsity, and what elimination costs

Two ends of the same arrow

One matrix, one row moved from the front of the elimination order to the back, and the factor goes from completely dense to no fill at all. Both factorisations are exact to rounding, and nothing numerical chose between them.

Sparsity, and what elimination costs

What the symbolic phase can only bound

Without pivoting, the fill can be computed from the graph and the count is exact — 233 predicted, 233 measured. With pivoting it is 233 predicted and 242 measured, and what survives is a bound that is right at every threshold and loose by 1.7 times at the largest grid drawn.

The whole library · All essays · What must fail