Generator

oscillatory-scale

One function in the kernel library, called 12 times across 6 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 6 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelength. Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 40 needs 12, 16, 22, 33, 53, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

oscillatory-scale is one function in lib/figures/kernel.js — one block — where a matrix with no zero entries turns out to have five useful columns. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 40 needs 12, 16, 22, 33, 53, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-1012301020304050log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 401 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.512cos(κr)/r at L = 853the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 40 needs 12, 16, 22, 33, 53, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

kappa: 20

The arguments are the ones A block nobody can call sparse passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 20 needs 9, 12, 16, 22, 33, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-101230714212835log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 201 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.59cos(κr)/r at L = 833the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 20 needs 9, 12, 16, 22, 33, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

kappa: 40

The arguments are the ones A rank that is a number of digits passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 40 needs 12, 16, 22, 33, 53, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-1012301020304050log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 401 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.512cos(κr)/r at L = 853the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 40 needs 12, 16, 22, 33, 53, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 3.2, 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

kappa: 5

The arguments are the ones The kernel with nothing to compress passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 5 needs 6, 7, 9, 12, 16, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-1012305101520log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 51 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.56cos(κr)/r at L = 816the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 5 needs 6, 7, 9, 12, 16, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

kappa: 80

The arguments are the ones The kernel with nothing to compress passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 80 needs 16, 22, 33, 53, 92, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9, 101.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-101230163248648096log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 801 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.516cos(κr)/r at L = 892the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 80 needs 16, 22, 33, 53, 92, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 6.4, 12.7, 25.5, 50.9, 101.9 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

kappa: 10

The arguments are the ones The kernel with nothing to compress passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Two kernels on identical geometry, as the picture is scaled up at a fixed wavelengthTwo parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 10 needs 7, 9, 12, 16, 22, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.7 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.-101230510152025log₂ of the segment lengthcolumns above 10⁻⁸cos(κr) ⁄ r at κ = 101 ⁄ r, same pointsthe case with no answerq, held fixed0.51/r at L = 0.561/r at L = 86cos(κr)/r at L = 0.57cos(κr)/r at L = 822the geometry did not moveand the rank did

Two parallel segments of length L a distance 2L apart, so q = 0.50 at every point on this sweep and nothing about the arrangement changes. 1/r needs 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 columns — one number. cos(κr)/r at κ = 10 needs 7, 9, 12, 16, 22, growing like a power of the size with no size at which it stops, because what decides it is the number of wavelengths across the pair — 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.7 — and no ratio of lengths can see that. The segments are parallel rather than collinear on purpose: in one dimension cos(κ|x − y|) obeys an addition formula and is exactly rank two, which makes the collinear version of this look like a confirmation of the smooth case and is an artefact of the arrangement.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

6 distinct claims across 6 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

a block size the dense SVD below is affordable at

a kernel this file defines

a wavenumber the 256-point sampling resolves

and the oscillatory one does

the geometry is identical at every point

the smooth kernel does not notice that the picture got sixteen times larger

Against the rule

It draws a decomposition and prints its residual. It calls rankAgainstScale, and every figure above carries the badge — which residualcheck verifies by looking for it in the emitted SVG rather than by finding the call that builds one. A badge that is constructed and then left out of the body is the failure that check exists for.

Across the library: the rule bites on 141 of 264 generators — 126 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 123 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

Neither sparse nor dense

A block nobody can call sparse

A 96 × 96 block of a kernel matrix has ninety-six nonzero singular values and five that matter. It has no zero entries, it is not described by fewer numbers than it contains, and neither of the two ways this collection already knows to make a large matrix affordable applies to it.

Neither sparse nor dense

A rank that is a number of digits

Ask a kernel block for two digits and it costs two columns; ask for fourteen and it costs nine. The curve is a straight line at 0.55 columns a decade, and the bound the geometry gives is a straight line too — at 3.32, which is the same shape and six times the price.

Two errors, and whose fault they are

An accuracy that is a backward error

Every backward error on this site is something an algorithm produced and somebody then measured. This one is a line in the program. Solving with a compressed matrix gives a residual that is the compression's own error, at a slope of 1.000 over ten decades, so the knob that sets the storage sets the backward error directly.

Neither sparse nor dense

The kernel with nothing to compress

Hold the geometry fixed at q = ½, fix the wavelength, and scale the picture up by sixteen. A smooth kernel needs six columns at every scale. An oscillatory one needs twelve, sixteen, twenty-two, thirty-three, fifty-three, and there is no scale at which it stops.

Neither sparse nor dense

The size the rank does not notice

Sample a kernel block at 32, 64, 128 and 256 points a side and it needs five columns, five, five and five. Sample the touching block next to it at the same four sizes and it needs nine, eleven, twelve and thirteen. Same kernel, same accuracy, one number and a logarithm.

Neither sparse nor dense

Which pairs are allowed to be small

A hierarchical representation is a partition of the matrix into blocks, and the rule that produces it reads four numbers per pair of index clusters and not one entry of the matrix. On a 256-square it yields 112 blocks, 66 of them stored as two thin factors, none of rank above five.

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