Generator

Forward error of a 6×6 Hilbert solve at eight precisions

One function in the arith library, called 2 times across 2 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 11 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws forward error of a 6×6 hilbert solve at eight precisions. A bar for each significand width from 12 to 53 bits showing the relative error in the computed solution, with the condition number times the unit roundoff marked as a prediction.

precision-ladder is one function in lib/figures/arith.js — arithmetic — what a float holds, and what it loses holding it. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Forward error of a 6×6 Hilbert solve at eight precisionsA bar for each significand width from 12 to 53 bits showing the relative error in the computed solution, with the condition number times the unit roundoff marked as a prediction.κ = 1.5·10⁷ · the exact answer is (1, 2, …, 6)12 bits3.316 bits0.8620 bits4.324 bits0.09330 bits7.6·10⁻⁴36 bits6.2·10⁻⁶43 bits2·10⁻⁷53 bits4.5·10⁻¹¹dashed: κ · unit roundoffone matrix, eight arithmeticsmeasured against a known answer

A bar for each significand width from 12 to 53 bits showing the relative error in the computed solution, with the condition number times the unit roundoff marked as a prediction.

n: 6

The arguments are the ones The condition number is an amplifier passes. A value nobody placed would be a picture no essay asked for and no claim was ever checked against.

Forward error of a 6×6 Hilbert solve at eight precisionsA bar for each significand width from 12 to 53 bits showing the relative error in the computed solution, with the condition number times the unit roundoff marked as a prediction.κ = 1.5·10⁷ · the exact answer is (1, 2, …, 6)12 bits3.316 bits0.8620 bits4.324 bits0.09330 bits7.6·10⁻⁴36 bits6.2·10⁻⁶43 bits2·10⁻⁷53 bits4.5·10⁻¹¹dashed: κ · unit roundoffone matrix, eight arithmeticsmeasured against a known answer

A bar for each significand width from 12 to 53 bits showing the relative error in the computed solution, with the condition number times the unit roundoff marked as a prediction.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above checked its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have stopped the picture rather than shipped a wrong one. Those checks used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

11 distinct claims across 2 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

at 12 bits the error is within the κ·u prediction — checked 8 times

and the backward error stays small at every precision, which is the point of the figure

LU is for square matrices

the ladder actually descends

Against the rule

It calls a factoriser without drawing a factorisation (solve), so the rule is written down as not applying, with the reason: solves a system at eight precisions; the figure is the error, not the factors

The exemption list is the interesting half of the rule rather than an escape hatch — it is where a decision about a figure had to be argued in one line. residualcheck refuses an exemption that is not doing work, and rejected ten of the fifteen written for the expansion's figures on exactly that ground: a figure whose vertical axis is a residual satisfies the rule by construction, and touching a factoriser does not by itself require an entry.

Across the library: the rule bites on 217 of 397 generators — 199 print a residual and 18 are exempt with a published reason; 180 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

The whole library · All essays · What must fail