Generator

real-schur-form

One function in the francis library, called 5 times across 3 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 8 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws the real schur form with 2 conjugate pairs: 2 blocks that cannot be split. A square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.

real-schur-form is one function in lib/figures/francis.js — francis — the real schur form and the two shifts that are never formed. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

The real Schur form with 2 conjugate pairs: 2 blocks that cannot be splitA square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.3000000120000-21000000-0.5-1.500001.5-0.5000000-2T = ZᵀAZthe highlighted boxes each hold one conjugate pair, and no real rotation removes themthe form, and that it is one‖A − ZTZᵀ‖/‖A‖1.8·10⁻¹⁵‖ZᵀZ − I‖2.5·10⁻¹⁵worst eigenvalue error2.7·10⁻¹⁵surviving subdiagonal26×6, spectrum chosen before the matrix was builtquasi-triangular is as far as the reals go

A square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.

pairs: 1

The arguments are the ones A condition number for one eigenvalue passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

The real Schur form with 1 conjugate pair: 1 block that cannot be splitA square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.-2000000120000-2100000030000004.50000000.8T = ZᵀAZthe highlighted boxes each hold one conjugate pair, and no real rotation removes themthe form, and that it is one‖A − ZTZᵀ‖/‖A‖4.5·10⁻¹⁵‖ZᵀZ − I‖5.5·10⁻¹⁵worst eigenvalue error9.8·10⁻¹⁵surviving subdiagonal26×6, spectrum chosen before the matrix was builtquasi-triangular is as far as the reals go

A square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.

pairs: 2

The arguments are the ones The form a real matrix can reach passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

The real Schur form with 2 conjugate pairs: 2 blocks that cannot be splitA square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.3000000120000-21000000-0.5-1.500001.5-0.5000000-2T = ZᵀAZthe highlighted boxes each hold one conjugate pair, and no real rotation removes themthe form, and that it is one‖A − ZTZᵀ‖/‖A‖1.8·10⁻¹⁵‖ZᵀZ − I‖2.5·10⁻¹⁵worst eigenvalue error2.7·10⁻¹⁵surviving subdiagonal26×6, spectrum chosen before the matrix was builtquasi-triangular is as far as the reals go

A square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.

pairs: 0

The arguments are the ones The form a real matrix can reach passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

The real Schur form of a matrix with a real spectrum — genuinely triangularA square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.4.5000000-3.20000003000000-20000000.80000001.6T = ZᵀAZno complex eigenvalues, so nothing survives below the diagonalthe form, and that it is one‖A − ZTZᵀ‖/‖A‖6.7·10⁻¹⁵‖ZᵀZ − I‖7.2·10⁻¹⁵worst eigenvalue error1.3·10⁻¹⁴surviving subdiagonal10⁻¹⁸6×6, spectrum chosen before the matrix was builtquasi-triangular is as far as the reals go

A square matrix drawn as a grid. Everything below the diagonal is zero except for a small number of two-by-two boxes on the diagonal, which are highlighted.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

8 distinct claims across 4 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

A = ZTZᵀ

and every eigenvalue is the one built in

and Z is orthogonal

between zero and three conjugate pairs

matmul shapes agree

one 2×2 block per conjugate pair, and no others

the Francis iteration converged

the grid leaves enough width for an entry

Against the rule

It draws a decomposition and prints its residual. It calls realSchur, and every figure above carries the badge — which residualcheck verifies by looking for it in the emitted SVG rather than by finding the call that builds one. A badge that is constructed and then left out of the body is the failure that check exists for.

Across the library: the rule bites on 52 of 99 generators — 37 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 47 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

The whole library · All essays · What must fail