Generator

smoothing-square

One function in the grid2d library, called 9 times across 6 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 5 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws damping over the frequency square, ε = 1, point relaxation. A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

smoothing-square is one function in lib/figures/grid2d.js — two dimensions — where the galerkin identity stops being an identity. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 1, point relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned0.67closed form0.6730×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

eps: 0.001

The arguments are the ones A direction the smoother cannot see passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 0.001, point relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned1closed form130×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

eps: 0.1

The arguments are the ones A direction the smoother cannot see passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 0.1, point relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned0.94closed form0.9430×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

eps: 1

The arguments are the ones An answer that is known passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 1, point relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned0.67closed form0.6730×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

eps: 0.001, coarsening: "semi-y"

The arguments are the ones Coarsening in one direction only passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 0.001, point relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned0.33closed form0.3330×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

eps: 0.001, kind: "liney"

The arguments are the ones Smoothing a whole line at once passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Damping over the frequency square, ε = 0.001, y-line relaxationA square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.θx (frequency across x)θy0π/2π0π/2πthe coarse grid'sunder 0.2under 0.40under 0.60under 0.80under 0.95under 1.01damping per sweeptwo routessmoothing factor, scanned0.33closed form0.3330×30 frequency cellsthe marker is the mode nothing removes

A square of frequency pairs shaded by how much one relaxation sweep damps each mode. The lower-left quarter, which the coarse grid represents, is outlined. A marker sits on the least-damped mode outside it.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

5 distinct claims across 6 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

the smoothing factor at ε = 1, scanned and in closed form agree — asserted 3 times

and the cell grid agrees with the fine scan

the scan found a surviving mode

Against the rule

The rule does not apply to it. It factorises nothing, so there is no residual it could be withholding. That is worth stating rather than leaving blank: a site that reported the rule as satisfied by every generator would be counting mostly generators the rule never reached.

Across the library: the rule bites on 52 of 99 generators — 37 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 47 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

Iterating, instead of factorising

A direction the smoother cannot see

Give the Laplacian a strong direction and multigrid stops working — from 0.2016 a cycle to 0.9565 — with every component unchanged and the condition number identical to twelve digits. The problem did not get harder. The link between the method's two halves broke.

Two errors, and whose fault they are

An answer that is known

Almost every demonstration of numerical error estimates the error by computing the same thing more carefully. The Hilbert matrix does not need that: its inverse is a closed form in integers, so the true answer is available exactly and the error is measured rather than approximated.

Iterating, instead of factorising

Coarsening in one direction only

Leave the smoother alone and halve only the strong direction, and the smoothing factor is 0.3340 — identical to line relaxation's, at every anisotropy and every weight, to twelve digits. The convergence factors are then a factor of three apart, and at 45° both repairs fail outright.

Iterating, instead of factorising

Smoothing a whole line at once

Solve every grid line in the strong direction exactly rather than sweeping over it, and the smoothing factor goes from 0.9993 back to 0.3340 — which is the one-dimensional answer, on a problem that is not one-dimensional. The repair replaces one ε in the closed form by a one.

Iterating, instead of factorising

The coarse problem is a different problem

In one dimension the Galerkin coarse operator is the coarse discretisation, entry for entry — this site asserted it. In two dimensions a five-point operator produces a nine-point coarse one, so the recursion solves a different discretisation at every level below the first, and converges at 0.20 a cycle regardless.

Iterating, instead of factorising

The error smoothing cannot reach

One weighted Jacobi sweep multiplies every mode of the error by a number, and the number is a sine. Half the modes are cut by three or better, and the other half come back at 0.999 — which is not a failure of the method but the fact the whole of multigrid is built on.

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