Generator

solver-backward

One function in the structbe library, called 4 times across 2 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 13 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws backward error with and without the structure, for levinson and for elimination, n = 12. Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 3.1·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 2.48·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.

solver-backward is one function in lib/figures/structbe.js — structured backward error — whether the nearby problem is the same kind of problem. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Backward error with and without the structure, for Levinson and for elimination, n = 12Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 3.1·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 2.48·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.10⁻³10⁻²10⁻¹110⁻¹⁹10⁻¹⁷10⁻¹⁵10⁻¹³10⁻¹¹10⁻⁹1 − ρbackward errorLevinson, Toeplitzelimination, ToeplitzLevinson, any kindelimination, any kindat ρ = 0.999Levinson, any perturbation3.1·10⁻¹⁷Levinson, Toeplitz only7.6·10⁻¹¹the ratio between them2.5·10⁶diagonal defect of the first0.97the number that is reportedand the number that is asked about

Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 3.1·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 2.48·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.

n: 12

The arguments are the ones A nearby problem of the wrong kind passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Backward error with and without the structure, for Levinson and for elimination, n = 12Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 3.1·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 2.48·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.10⁻³10⁻²10⁻¹110⁻¹⁹10⁻¹⁷10⁻¹⁵10⁻¹³10⁻¹¹10⁻⁹1 − ρbackward errorLevinson, Toeplitzelimination, ToeplitzLevinson, any kindelimination, any kindat ρ = 0.999Levinson, any perturbation3.1·10⁻¹⁷Levinson, Toeplitz only7.6·10⁻¹¹the ratio between them2.5·10⁶diagonal defect of the first0.97the number that is reportedand the number that is asked about

Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 3.1·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 2.48·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.

n: 20

The arguments are the ones A nearby problem of the wrong kind passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Backward error with and without the structure, for Levinson and for elimination, n = 20Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 4.2·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 3.059·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.10⁻³10⁻²10⁻¹110⁻¹⁹10⁻¹⁷10⁻¹⁵10⁻¹³10⁻¹¹10⁻⁹1 − ρbackward errorLevinson, Toeplitzelimination, ToeplitzLevinson, any kindelimination, any kindat ρ = 0.999Levinson, any perturbation3.3·10⁻¹⁷Levinson, Toeplitz only10⁻¹⁰the ratio between them3.1·10⁶diagonal defect of the first0.97the number that is reportedand the number that is asked about

Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 4.2·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 3.059·10⁶. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.

n: 8

The arguments are the ones A nearby problem of the wrong kind passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Backward error with and without the structure, for Levinson and for elimination, n = 8Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 4.7·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 9.478·10⁴. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.10⁻³10⁻²10⁻¹110⁻¹⁹10⁻¹⁷10⁻¹⁵10⁻¹³10⁻¹¹10⁻⁹1 − ρbackward errorLevinson, Toeplitzelimination, ToeplitzLevinson, any kindelimination, any kindat ρ = 0.999Levinson, any perturbation1.9·10⁻¹⁷Levinson, Toeplitz only1.8·10⁻¹²the ratio between them9.5·10⁴diagonal defect of the first0.89the number that is reportedand the number that is asked about

Both solvers are backward stable on this family by the usual measure: the smallest perturbation of any kind that explains either answer stays below 4.7·10⁻¹⁷ at every ρ, and the two curves are indistinguishable. Insisting the perturbation be a symmetric Toeplitz matrix — the kind of object the problem was posed with — lifts both by orders, and at ρ = 0.999 Levinson's rises by a factor of 9.478·10⁴. Neither number is alarming in absolute terms; what is worth carrying is that the reassuring one is the one that is reported, and the two are not measuring the same thing.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

13 distinct claims across 4 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

Levinson is backward stable at ρ = 0.5 — asserted 8 times

a positive definite Toeplitz matrix, whose reflection coefficients stay inside the unit circle

a size the structured minimisation can be solved at for every ρ

and its structured backward error is the larger

because the perturbation that explains it is not Toeplitz

LU is for square matrices

Against the rule

It draws a decomposition and prints its residual. It calls solverSweep, and every figure above carries the badge — which residualcheck verifies by looking for it in the emitted SVG rather than by finding the call that builds one. A badge that is constructed and then left out of the body is the failure that check exists for.

Across the library: the rule bites on 113 of 219 generators — 98 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 106 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

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