Generator

spurious-spectrum

One function in the ratapprox library, called 14 times across 7 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 8 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws 36 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean something. The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 36 that a rational approximant with 5 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 7.74·10⁻⁴. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.

spurious-spectrum is one function in lib/figures/ratapprox.js — the problem the solver was given — the approximation committed before the arithmetic. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

36 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 36 that a rational approximant with 5 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 7.74·10⁻⁴. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned36wanted6past the branch point6complex24worst against the closed form7.7·10⁻⁴all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 36 that a rational approximant with 5 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 7.74·10⁻⁴. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.

m: 5

The arguments are the ones A ceiling with a knob on it passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

36 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 36 that a rational approximant with 5 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 7.74·10⁻⁴. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned36wanted6past the branch point6complex24worst against the closed form7.7·10⁻⁴all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 36 that a rational approximant with 5 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 7.74·10⁻⁴. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.

m: 2

The arguments are the ones The eigenvalues that are answers to nothing passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

18 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 18 that a rational approximant with 2 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.0424. The 12 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 18 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 0 are complex and are discarded the same way.-6-5-4-3-2-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned18wanted6past the branch point12complex0worst against the closed form0.042all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 18 that a rational approximant with 2 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.0424. The 12 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 18 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 0 are complex and are discarded the same way.

m: 3

The arguments are the ones The eigenvalues that are answers to nothing passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

24 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 24 that a rational approximant with 3 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.0109. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 12 are complex and are discarded the same way.-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned24wanted6past the branch point6complex12worst against the closed form0.011all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 24 that a rational approximant with 3 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.0109. The 6 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 12 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 12 are complex and are discarded the same way.

m: 4

The arguments are the ones The eigenvalues that are answers to nothing passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

30 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 30 that a rational approximant with 4 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.00263. The 0 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 6 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned30wanted6past the branch point0complex24worst against the closed form0.0026all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 30 that a rational approximant with 4 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 0.00263. The 0 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 6 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 24 are complex and are discarded the same way.

m: 6

The arguments are the ones The eigenvalues that are answers to nothing passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

42 eigenvalues come back, 6 of them mean somethingThe real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 42 that a rational approximant with 6 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 1.9·10⁻⁴. The 0 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 6 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 36 are complex and are discarded the same way.-10123456789-101λbranch point at −0.4the closed formwhich of these is an answereigenvalues returned42wanted6past the branch point0complex36worst against the closed form1.9·10⁻⁴all of them exactfor a problem nobody asked

The real eigenvalues of the n(m+1) = 42 that a rational approximant with 6 poles produces, on the real line, with the branch point at −0.4 marked. The 6 discs to the right are the answers, agreeing with the closed form to 1.9·10⁻⁴. The 0 crosses to the left are exact eigenvalues of the approximant lying where γ√(λ + c) is not a real number at all — so the residual that says nothing about accuracy is decisive as a filter: against T̃ all 6 look perfect, and against T the spurious ones do not have a residual. The remaining 36 are complex and are discarded the same way.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

8 distinct claims across 6 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

a branch point to the left of the spectrum

a degree the spectrum can be drawn at

a size the linearisation can afford

a target set that stops short of the branch point

and every other real one is past the branch point

matmul shapes agree

n of which lie in the target set

the linearisation has n(m+1) eigenvalues

Against the rule

It draws a decomposition and prints its residual. It calls fitRational, rationalEigen, and every figure above carries the badge — which residualcheck verifies by looking for it in the emitted SVG rather than by finding the call that builds one. A badge that is constructed and then left out of the body is the failure that check exists for.

Across the library: the rule bites on 192 of 346 generators — 174 print a residual and 18 are exempt with a published reason; 154 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

A ceiling with a knob on it

A contour method returns at most as many eigenvalues as its probe block has columns, and the object that comes back does not distinguish that from having found everything. One line of the derivation multiplies the ceiling by a number the caller chooses, and it costs no extra solves at all.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

An error committed before the arithmetic

Before a nonlinear eigenvalue problem is solved, somebody says where they think the eigenvalues are. That sentence sets the accuracy of everything that follows by five orders, costs nothing to say, and cannot be revised once the approximation built on it is in hand.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

The conditioning that rises with the ceiling

Higher moments multiply a contour method's ceiling by K and grade its block Hankel over ρ to the 2K, so the two knobs are the same knob. One division per quadrature point separates them, and the measurement of what it is worth grows from twenty to twenty thousand.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

The eigenvalues that are answers to nothing

A rational approximant of degree five turns a six-by-six problem into a thirty-six-by-thirty-six one, and thirty-six numbers come back. Six are the answer. The rest are exact eigenvalues of the approximant, lying where the function it approximates is not a real number at all.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

The problem the solver was actually given

A linearisation is exact — it has the polynomial's eigenvalues, with their multiplicities, and the whole loss is arithmetic. A nonlinear eigenvalue problem does not offer that. Every algorithm replaces the function first, and the term that replacement contributes is committed before any number is rounded and appears in no residual.

Two errors, and whose fault they are

Three errors and one number

This site's identity has two factors and a division of blame between them. Two fields have now added a third party and a fourth, and only one of the four is a property of anything — the others are decisions, made before the arithmetic, reported by nothing.

The eigenvalue problem that is not linear

Two approximants and one matrix size

A polynomial approximant linearises to nd rows and a rational one to n(m+1), so the fair contest fixes the matrix and varies the basis. On an easy target set the two are indistinguishable and the ordering flips with the noise; on one that reaches a branch point the rational pulls away by two orders.

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