Generator

staleness-trail

One function in the reuse library, called 10 times across 7 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults, what it draws at every value an essay asks for, the 8 claims it put to the test while drawing them, and where it stands against the rule this site is named for.

At its defaults it draws chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 4. Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 3 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 12 at its worst, for 5 factorisations against 20.

staleness-trail is one function in lib/figures/reuse.js — reuse — what a kept factorisation or preconditioner is worth, and for how long. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page. A figure here is the figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Drawn even though every essay passes arguments — which on this site is every essay, at 100% of placements since the standard pass. A default nothing exercises is a trap for the next essay to call this with none, and this is the page where a default that has drifted from the figures around it becomes visible.

Chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 4Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 3 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 12 at its worst, for 5 factorisations against 20.03691215182103691215member of the sequencechord steps to reach the tolerancea fresh factorisation each memberthe ringed points are the refactorisationsrebuilt every 4factorisations5chord steps160worst member's steps12multiplications1.2·10⁷with a fresh factor each time1.8·10⁷a factor is cheapest the member it was built forand dearest the member before it is replaced

Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 3 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 12 at its worst, for 5 factorisations against 20.

refresh: 4

The arguments are the ones A factorisation kept past its date passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 4Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 3 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 12 at its worst, for 5 factorisations against 20.03691215182103691215member of the sequencechord steps to reach the tolerancea fresh factorisation each memberthe ringed points are the refactorisationsrebuilt every 4factorisations5chord steps160worst member's steps12multiplications1.2·10⁷with a fresh factor each time1.8·10⁷a factor is cheapest the member it was built forand dearest the member before it is replaced

Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 3 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 12 at its worst, for 5 factorisations against 20.

refresh: 1

The arguments are the ones A factorisation kept past its date passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 1Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 0 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 6 at its worst, for 20 factorisations against 20.0369121518210246810member of the sequencechord steps to reach the tolerancea fresh factorisation each memberthe ringed points are the refactorisationsrebuilt every 1factorisations20chord steps102worst member's steps6multiplications1.8·10⁷with a fresh factor each time1.8·10⁷a factor is cheapest the member it was built forand dearest the member before it is replaced

Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 0 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 6 at its worst, for 20 factorisations against 20.

refresh: 8

The arguments are the ones A factorisation kept past its date passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 8Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 7 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 39 at its worst, for 3 factorisations against 20.036912151821071421283542member of the sequencechord steps to reach the tolerancea fresh factorisation each memberthe ringed points are the refactorisationsrebuilt every 8factorisations3chord steps272worst member's steps39multiplications1.7·10⁷with a fresh factor each time1.8·10⁷a factor is cheapest the member it was built forand dearest the member before it is replaced

Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 7 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 39 at its worst, for 3 factorisations against 20.

refresh: 6

The arguments are the ones A factorisation kept past its date passes. A value drawn at the generator's defaults instead would be a picture no essay asked for and no assertion has been run against.

Chord steps per member of a drifting sequence, with the factorisation rebuilt every 6Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 5 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 20 at its worst, for 4 factorisations against 20.03691215182104812162024member of the sequencechord steps to reach the tolerancea fresh factorisation each memberthe ringed points are the refactorisationsrebuilt every 6factorisations4chord steps202worst member's steps20multiplications1.4·10⁷with a fresh factor each time1.8·10⁷a factor is cheapest the member it was built forand dearest the member before it is replaced

Each point is one member of a continuation, warm-started from the previous member's answer and solved with a factorisation that is between zero and 5 members old. The lower series is the same sequence with a fresh factorisation at every member, which costs 6 to 5 steps throughout. The kept run costs 6 steps on a fresh factor and 20 at its worst, for 4 factorisations against 20.

What it checked while drawing

Every figure above asserted its own claims on the way to being drawn, and a claim that failed would have failed the build rather than drawn a wrong picture. Those assertions used to leave no trace at all: a passing one returned true and the only evidence the figure had checked anything was that nothing crashed. The list below is what they actually said, collected by running this generator with an observer installed — not a description of what it is believed to check.

8 distinct claims across 5 sets of arguments, grouped below by shape — because most of them are one sentence with a different number in it, and how many separate times that sentence was put to the test is the informative part.

a conditioning the SPD construction can hold

a factor kept for several members costs more at the end of its life than at the start

a refactorisation rule of one kind or the other

a refresh period inside the sweep

a size the dense factorisations are affordable at

and refactorising at every member is a sequence that converges throughout

matmul shapes agree

the sequence gets far enough to show the shape

Against the rule

The rule does not apply to it. It factorises nothing, so there is no residual it could be withholding. That is worth stating rather than leaving blank: a site that reported the rule as satisfied by every generator would be counting mostly generators the rule never reached.

Across the library: the rule bites on 113 of 238 generators — 98 print a residual and 15 are exempt with a published reason; 125 factorise nothing. Read from lib/residual-rule.js, which is the same body the gate enforces from, and the gate's last check fails the build if this page and it disagree about any generator.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

When the problem arrives again

A factorisation kept past its date

One Cholesky factor can serve five members of a drifting sequence and save 44 per cent of the work. Kept for twenty it does not lose accuracy — it stops converging altogether. The optimum and the cliff are four members apart, both move with the drift, and a rule written in a ratio the iteration has already computed finds them without being told what the drift is.

When the problem arrives again

A tolerance that reads its own residual

The cheapest constant forcing term costs 980 inner iterations and arrives with a hundred times the forward error of the dearest, which costs 9,358. A rule that sets each step's tolerance from the ratio of the last two residuals costs 1,009 and arrives with neither problem — and it is not a constant, so it does not appear on the curve the constants are compared on.

When the problem arrives again

The accuracy that is thrown away

A Newton step is the exact answer to a linearised problem, and the linearisation is wrong at second order. So there is a floor under how close the step can land, the floor is the square of where it started, and eleven decades of inner tolerance below it buy the same four digits at four times the price.

When the problem arrives again

The problem that arrives again

A hundred and thirty essays have solved a system once and measured how wrong the answer was. Almost no computation is shaped like that. A solve is one step of an outer loop, its answer is an input rather than a deliverable, and four quantities this collection has treated as accuracy requirements turn out to be assets with a shelf life.

Randomised, and the guarantee that changes kind

The sketch that is spent

Every other object a sequence carries has a shelf life. A random sketch has one use. Deflate what its first round found and apply it again, and it returns the zero matrix — 9.0·10⁻¹⁵ where the first round saw 2.62 — because the input has been made orthogonal to the very draw the guarantee is over.

When the problem arrives again

What a rebuild is worth

One sequence, one drift, one preconditioner — and six different right answers, because the cheapest rebuild period depends on what a rebuild cost to build and on nothing else. The optimum walks from every member to every twelfth as the setup gets dearer, and the free rule that reads the iteration count beats it in the middle of that range and loses at both ends.

When the problem arrives again

Where the drift lands

The standing rule for when a preconditioner has gone stale is to rebuild it once the matrix has changed by more than some fraction of itself. Two drifts of exactly the same relative size cost 19 iterations and 5 on the same matrix, and the quantity that separates them is not in the rule at all — the perturbation is divided by the eigenvalue it lands on.

The whole library · All essays · What must fail