Series

Algebraic multigrid — the series

4 essays on one idea, from the one that introduces it to the one that assumes the rest.
  1. the grid the operator came froman edge is a coupling the matrix calls strongkeptinterpolatedwhat the entries decidedcoupling ratio, x against y0.001strong couplings across x0strong couplings along y110rows kept or dropped whole1111×11 grid, θ = 0.25the coarse grid, from the matrix alone

    The coarse grid the matrix chooses

    Given a tridiagonal matrix and no information about a grid, the coarsening keeps every other point and derives the weights ½, 1, ½ — the operators the geometric method was handed. Given the anisotropic operator, it discovers semi-coarsening, in the right direction, without a coordinate.

    part 1 · iterative
  2. 01234567110¹10²levelstored entries per rowalgebraicgeometrictwo complexities, one hierarchygrid complexity3.1operator complexity18geometric, for comparison1.5a ring plus random chords — nothing is anywherelevel 6 is 100% dense

    A hierarchy with no grid behind it

    On a graph Laplacian the algebraic V-cycle converges at 0.199 a cycle, its grid complexity is an unremarkable 3.05, and its operator complexity is 17.7 — one level of forty-one unknowns is entirely dense. The number people quote is the one that does not measure the work.

    part 2 · iterative
  3. 081624324000.250.50.7511.25angle of the strong direction (degrees)ratio, and convergence factorenergy ratio of oneenergy ratioclassicalminimiserwith the constraintwhere the formula is optimalenergy ratio at 0°1energy ratio at 45°1.2classical rate at 45°0.35the minimiser's rate there0.28a ratio of exactly one while the assumption holdsand a diagnostic when it stops

    The formula that was already optimal

    Ask for the interpolation that minimises the energy of its own columns and the answer is the classical AMG formula — to zero at every row of the one-dimensional Laplacian, and to four digits in two dimensions. On the operator rotated to 45° the two part company, and the gap between them is a diagnostic that needs no reference solution.

    part 3 · iterative
  4. 10⁻¹100.20.40.60.8strength threshold θresidual reduction per cycleθ = εsemi-coarseningkept whole rowsfull coarseningone parameter, two methodsbest factor above ε0.053best factor below ε0.1the ratio across the switch231×31 anisotropic operatora switch, not a dial

    The switch does not know which side is better

    The strength threshold moves the coarsening from full to semi at θ = ε exactly, at every anisotropy. Which of the two converges faster is a separate question with a separate answer, and it changes sign between ε = 0.33 and ε = 0.34 — where nothing whatever happens to the switch.

    part 4 · iterative

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